The answer would be A, tax on all printed materials :)
The first president of the United states was George Washington
Catherine the Great was not actually Russian at all. She was born a Prussian (German) and married Peter the Great, who adored the Prussians. She was a German leader of the Russian throne after overthrowing her husband.
One of the main ways in which the policies of Gorbachev, Yeltsin, and Putin were similar is that they all sought to avoid nuclear war with the west--knowing that engaging in such a conflict would no doubt lead to their utter destruction.
