The answer you're looking for is an Anthropologist.
In economics, the free rider<span> problem occurs when those who benefit from resources, goods, or services do not pay for them, which results in an under-provision of those goods or services.</span>
(2) John Locke
During The Enlightenment, John Locke's arguments were heavily based around the ideas of the right to life, liberty, and property. His ideas eventually become the basis for the US government.
I think that this is because Germany is struggling with the legacy of the Second World War, when they caused a lot of suffering, lead to the death of many people and forced many to become refugees. By being more open to refugees I think Germany is trying to amend for the wrongdoings from the past.
The answer is D. Ever heard the phrase "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth"? This was the structure of Hammurabi's code. If you stole money from someone your hand may be cut off or if you killed someone, you may be killed. It was a very violent time.
