Through secretory pathway or cytosolic protein through cytosolic pathway.
The cytosol consists mostly of water, dissolved ions, small molecules, and large water-soluble molecules (such as proteins). The majority of these non-protein molecules have a molecular mass of less than 300 Da. Membrane proteins are inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by two highly conserved parallel pathways. The well-studied co-translational pathway uses signal recognition particle (SRP) and its receptor for targeting and the SEC61 translocation for membrane integration.
However, mRNAs that encode cytosolic proteins can also be translated by ER-bound ribosomes. Thus, a large fraction of the proteome can be translated by ER-associated ribosomes. Such a diverse and selective translation of mRNAs redefines this ubiquitous organelle as a primary site of proteome synthesis in the cell.
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Answer:
D) a genetic bottleneck
Explanation:
Genetic bottleneck refers to the sudden reduction in the population size due to some adverse climatic factors such as natural calamities. It changes the allele frequencies since the survivor population mostly have different allele frequencies than the original population.
In the given example, an earthquake kills 98% of the squirrels. The survivor population exhibits different allele frequencies for the gene responsible for the thickness of stripes. Therefore, it represents a genetic bottleneck.
B. More drastic change than a point mutation
I cannot find the list of molecules and organs, but I gonna explain all existing lipid digestion.
First, you should know that triglycerides are not absorbable. The absorbable substances are free fatty acids, monoglycerides and cholesterol.
The main stages of lipid digestion:-Fat emulsification;
-Hydrolysis of lipids (by enzymes);
-Formation of micelles;
-Endocytosis of the micellar contents.
The enzymes responsible for lipid hydrolysis are:
lipases (pancreatic): secreted by the exocrine pancreas
colipase: secreted by the pancreas in an inactive form. Its role is to help the lipase in its activity.
cholesterol esterase: secreted by the pancreas too.
phospholipase A2: exists in the majority of the cells
