Pope Urban ll made the decision to launch the first crusade in 1095. He achieved this by giving a public speech in which he accused the Muslims of many atrocities against the Christians who were living in Jerusalem. One reason, why the Pope decided to launch the first crusade was that, the Byzanthine Emperor has written him a letter asking him for help against the Muslims. The Pope may have made this decision too in order to increase his papacy influence.
Radical Republicans wanted to punish the South for starting the war. They also wanted to be sure new governments in the southern states would support the Republican Party
After the declration of independence
The colonial leader that was arguing is Samuel Adams.