It's an example of patriotism
The origin of the 1905 revolution goes back to the recently-concluded Russo-Japanese War, in which Japan placed a serious check on Russia's power to expand in East Asia. Many Russians saw this outcome as a source of humiliation, and supported an effort to remove the Tsar because of it.
The answer to the first question is the first choice.
The answer to the second question is the third choice.
Either it's just "Soviet Union", or the "soviet union, the army had an advantage at Stalingrad".
