Water, ice, and wind can all cause weathering. Climate can also affect the rate of weathering.
Answer:
B. Proteins
Explanation:
Salivary amylase is an enzyme that starts the breakdown of starch in the mouth. Gastric glands of the stomach secrete gastric juice, which contains HCl to kill bacteria and denatures proteins, intrinsic factors, and the enzyme pepsin. The chief cells of gastric glands secrete pepsinogen (an inactive form of pepsin).
Pepsin begins the digestion of proteins in the stomach. It breaks down certain peptide bonds between amino acids and thereby, breaks down protein chain into smaller peptide fragments. Pepsin requires a very acidic environment of the stomach (pH 2) and becomes inactive at a higher pH.
Answer:
The Pacific ocean
Explanation:
The Pacific ocean is about 50.1 percent of the world's oceanic water.
In secondary lymphoid tissues, germinal centers (GCs) are created after exposure to T-dependent antigens.
As a result of somatic hypermutation, B cells with higher antibody affinities are produced in GCs. These high-affinity B cells then preferentially develop into plasma cells, which reside in the bone marrow and provide long-lasting humoral protection.
The physiological and molecular basis for starting the shift from a GC B cell to a plasma cell has been newly illuminated by recent investigations. Here, we review recent developments in our knowledge of how the GC response regulates the production of plasma cells in order to produce long-lasting protective immunity and avoid damaging autoimmunity.
The terminally developed B lymphocytes known as plasma cells release antibodies on a regular basis. These antibodies can defend against infections, and the greatest clinical correlates of vaccine effectiveness are their amount and quality.
Therefore, the plasma cell lifespan plays a major role in determining the duration of humoral immunity. However, autoimmune disorders or multiple myeloma can result from a breakdown in plasma cell activity. The primary determinants of plasma cell longevity are food intake and metabolic processes that are not transcriptionally regulated.
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Tonsillitis or inflammation of the tonsils caused by beta-hemolytic streptococci or <em>Streptococcus pyogenes</em> is otherwise known as acute tonsillopharyngitis, bacterial. In starting antibiotic therapy for acute tonsillopharyngitis, the parents of the patient must know that the etiologic agent of the disease is a bacteria that's why an antibiotic is needed for treatment. The nurse should also inform about the most probable adverse effect of the antibiotic for the parents to be aware. Lastly, the nurse should inform about antibiotic resistance because patients opt to stop antibiotic therapy after feeling well, without completing the complete course of antibiotics.
