These useless leg bones are vestigial structures. It was believed that the only vertebrates existing were water creatures. Over time, they developed hips and legs as they eventually walked out of the water which later evolved to land creatures. Some of these are mammals, and they later moved back to the water. Biologists believe this to have occurred 50 million years ago.
Electrons have a negative charge so when a element looses its electrons it will have a positive charge
A potometer can be used to measure the rate of transpiration that's proportional to water uptake. Transpiration cannot be measured directly as some of the water will be used in photosynthesis.
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Answer:
Pigmented snails: A_B_; albino snails: A_bb, aaB_, aabb
This is an example of recessive epistasis. In recessive epistasis, two recessive alleles mask expression of an allele at a different locus. The 9:7 ratio observed in this question is a special case of epistasis called duplicative recessive epistasis, which means the presence of either aa or bb was sufficient to mask expression of the other gene. In this case, if snails had two copies of either allele a or allele b, pigment production was suppressed, resulting in albino individuals.
