Italy, Greece and France have never been under the Islamic Empire (or any Islamic rulers as far as I know).
Spain was under Islamic leaders for a long time and there was a period of re-conquista later, when the land was re-conquered by the Christians. And in 8th centrury Spain was in fact part of the Islamic Empire.
The desire to make a
religious pilgrimage to Mecca<span> p</span>rompted
the demand for maps and travel guides in Islamic countries after AD 632. The
correct answer between all the choices given is the second choice or letter B. I
am hoping that this answer has satisfied your query and it will be able to help
you in your endeavor, and if you would like, feel free to ask another question.
If I'm the British soldier:
It wasn't even a massacre. I'm just doing my duties. The colonists were intimidating me and my fellow soldiers. They were throwing stuff at me. Which shows how disrespectful they are to the Britain. Im simply protecting myself from them
It’s a monarchy as it’s ruled by royalty.
