The theory is called mercantilism.
Answer:
The word McCarthyism was formed because of the controversial practises of former US Senator John McCarthy where he made some unconfirmed allegations.
The word McCarthyism means to make an accusation of disloyalty against someone without proof or based on flimsy evidence.
Yes, Spain did control the Incas and Aztecs for gold so he could promise the Spanish for the gold. (He promised them thats why he took over)
Mehmet II nicknamed the Conqueror, who in 1453 seized Costantinople, putting to an end the Byzantine Empire.
1556 to 1598
hope this helped :)