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3 years ago

Explain the steps/process the body takes in order to raise the level of calcium in the blood

1 answer:

3 0

After sensing a drop in calcium levels in the body,parathyroid hormone from the parathyroid glands will be secreted in a negative feedback mechanism of homeostasis
first the parathyroid hormone stimulates release of calcium ions from the bone through the process of bone reorption
then the parathyroid hormone will reduce urinary excretion of calcium by increasing its re absorption in the nephron
finally , the parathyroid hormone will increase the rate of vitamin d synthesis in the small intestine to yield more calcium

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If vascular plants have so many advantages, why do you think nonvascular plants still exist on earth today?

Verdich [7]

We all know that vascular plants really have many advantages. These refer to trees and flowering plants which really gives us what we need. While nonvascular plants are those small and simple plants which do not have any phloem or xylem. Despite nonvascular plants do not have as many advantages as the vascular plant to the people. They still played a big function in our ecosystem. For example, the algae, algae serve as the food of some of fishes in the pond or lakes. Non-vascular plants are also involved in processes like decomposition and indicators.

7 0

3 years ago

BRAINLIST Igneous rock. (a )Tilting, (B) Erosion, (c) Folding

krok68 [10]

Answer:

B. Erosion

Explanation:

Igneous rock (derived from the Latin word ignis meaning fire), or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic. Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.

Erosion is the process of wind, water, and ice breaking down rocks tint smaller pieces. Erosion breaks down igneous rocks, metamorphic rocks and sedimentary rocks. Erosion breaks down igneous rocks in the same manner as it breaks down other rocks

3 0

3 years ago

Reconstruct the phylogeny that most simply and accurately accounts for the distribution of synapomorphies among ingroup species.

Alina [70]

Complete question:

1). Determine the character states for the following six characters that are present in species OG, 5, 7, 15, 17, 18. Assign the character state found in the outgroup (OG) as a 0 and the alternative derived state a 1; use only two states per character. Example, stem width: 0 = thin, / = thick 1 (Characters and plant species image in the attached files)

2). Score each taxon using the 0 and 1 notation about and add to this matrix (Matrix in the attached files)

4). Reconstruct the phylogeny that most simply and accurately accounts for the distribution of synapomorphies among ingroup species. Given matrices as small and simple as the above example, one can build the tree from the bottom up in a series of sketches, adding clades or branches representing groups with the fewest synapomorphies near the base of the tree and those with the most at the tips. Using the unlabeled phylogeny as a starting point, draw the stepwise construction of a fully resolved phylogeny to account for all of the synapomorphies and include the synapomorphies that identify each clade (the first one, character 2, is included to get you started; this is shared by all members of the ingroup) (Tree in the attached files)

Answer:

Characters:

Stem width: Thick-1 // Thin-0
Leaf edge (shape): Pointed-1 // Blunt-0
Flower base (shape): Narrow-0 // Wide-1
Flower orientation: Downward (Pendant)-1 // Upward (Vertical)-0
Petal color: Purple-1 // Yellow-0
Fruit shape (inset on card, on left): Round-0 // Elongated-1

Complete Matrix in the attached files

Order in the phylogeny reconstruction: OG --> 7 --> 5 --> 15 --> 17 and 18 (tree + evolutive changes in the attached files)

Explanation:

NOTE: You will find the complete activity in the attached files.

The principle of maximum parsimony or maximum simplicity states that among all possible trees within a group of species, the most probable is the one that requires us to postulate the least number of evolutionary changes. So, to reconstruct a phylogeny we need to choose the tree that requires the less number of changes.

To determine the character states for all the six characters, we assigned the number cero to all the characters expressed in the out-group. Thin steam, blunt leaf, narrow flower base, upward flower orientation, yellow petals, and rounded-seeds are all cero states. The other characters are 1.

The above information of character state was used to fill in the matrix, specifying which character state belongs to each species according to their traits.
The matrix was useful to reconstruct the phylogeny, to identify the autapomorphic trait, and to visualize all the clades.

8 0

2 years ago

During photosynthesis, the energy used to pump protons comes from ___________, whereas in cellular respiration it comes from ___

Annette [7]

During photosynthesis, the energy used to pump protons comes from ______light_____, whereas in cellular respiration it comes from ______NADH/FADH₂_______.

<h3>What are the steps in photosynthesis?</h3>

The first step in photosynthesis is the absorption of light by chlorophyll bound to chloroplast thylakoid proteins. The absorbed light energy is used to remove electrons from electron donors such as water to form oxygen.
The electrons are then transferred to the primary electron acceptor, quinine (Q.). Electrons are further transferred from the primary electron acceptor to the final electron acceptor (usually NADP⁺).
Proton transfer from the thylakoid lumen to the stroma via the F₀F₁ complex generates ATP from ADP and Pi.
The NADP and ATP produced in steps 2 and 3 provide the energy, and the electrons power the process of reducing the carbon to a six-carbon sugar molecule.

The first three steps of photosynthesis, are directly dependent on light energy and are thus, called light reactions, while the reactions in the last step are independent of light and thus are termed dark reactions.

To know more about photosynthesis visit:

brainly.com/question/1388366

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5 0

1 year ago

Most boreal forests are dominated by ________ .

e-lub [12.9K]

Most boreal forests are dominated by CONIFEROUS EVERGREEN TREES. The correct option is E. Boreal forests can be found in Canada, Russia and in Alaska in United states. Most trees in these forests are conifers with needle leaves and cones, examples include: black spruce, white spruce, balsam fir, jack pine, etc.

7 0

3 years ago