The prehistory of the Americas (North, South, and Central America, and the Caribbean) begins with people migrating to these areas from Asia during the height of an Ice Age. These groups are generally believed to have been isolated from peoples of the "Old World" until the coming of Europeans in the 10th century from Norway and with the voyages of Christopher Columbus in 1492.
The ancestors of today's American Indigenous peoples were the Paleo-Indians; they were hunter-gatherers who migrated into North America. The most popular theory asserts that migrants came to the Americas via Beringia, the land mass now covered by the ocean waters of the Bering Strait. Small lithic stage peoples followed megafauna like bison, mammoth (now extinct), and caribou, thus gaining the modern nickname "big-game hunters." Groups of people may also have traveled into North America on shelf or sheet ice along the northern Pacific coast.
Cultural traits brought by the first immigrants later evolved and spawned such cultures as Iroquois on North America and Pirahã of South America. These cultures later developed into civilizations. In many cases, these cultures expanded at a later date than their Old World counterparts. Cultures that may be considered[citation needed]advanced or civilized include Norte Chico, Cahokia, Zapotec, Toltec, Olmec, Maya, Aztec, Chimor, Mixtec, Moche, Mississippian, Puebloan, Totonac, Teotihuacan, Huastec people, Purépecha, Izapa, Mazatec, Muisca, and the Inca.
After the voyages of Christopher Columbus in 1492, Spanish, Portuguese and later English, French and Dutch colonial expeditions arrived in the New World, conquering and settling the discovered lands, which led to a transformation of the cultural and physical landscape in the Americas. Spain colonized most of the American continent from present-day Southwestern United States, Florida and the Caribbean to the southern tip of South America. Portugal settled in what is mostly present-day Brazil while England established colonies on the Eastern coast of the United States, as well as the North Pacific coast and in most of Canada. France settled in Quebec and other parts of Eastern Canada and claimed an area in what is today the central United States. The Netherlands settled New Netherland (administrative centre New Amsterdam - now New York), some Caribbean islands and parts of Northern South America.
European colonization of the Americas led to the rise of new cultures, civilizations and eventually states, which resulted from the fusion of Native American and European traditions, peoples and institutions. The transformation of American cultures through colonization is evident in architecture, religion, gastronomy, the arts and particularly languages, the most widespread being Spanish (376 million speakers), English (348 million) and Portuguese (201 million). The colonial period lasted approximately three centuries, from the early 16th to the early 19th centuries, when Brazil and the larger Hispanic American nations declared independence. The United States obtained independence from England much earlier, in 1776, while Canada formed a federal dominion in 1867. Others remained attached to their European parent state until the end of the 19th century, such as Cuba and Puerto Rico which were linked to Spain until 1898. Smaller territories such as Guyana obtained independence in the mid-20th century, while certain Caribbean islands remain part of a European power to this day.
4. Role of the Enlightenment on new economic theories
One of the most important enlightenment philosophers was <em>David Hume</em>, he was a Scottish thinker that defended the idea of “free trade”. He believed that borders, tariffs or taxes on imports are against free trade idea and that free trade is a way of increasing the numbers of labor in a nation.
<em>Adam Smith</em> took Hume’s idea and developed it. He believed that if a country wants to have free trade, it needs also political freedom. He defended that the greed that moves people to have free trade also benefits society. He also defended the idea of “Invisible hand” that is a way of the market regulating itself.
6. Major effects of new technology on business
The major effects of new technology on business are:
Technology made communication easier, the business can spread around the world and still be connected through the internet. It also provides a channel of communication between clients and companies.
Technology changed the way business advertise their products. Today there is a business that only do online advertising, online marketing, for example, is totally different than “traditional” marketing. It also permits the company or business to expand the area of promotion and affect people around the world.
Technology also drops costs because in some companies it reduces the numbers of workers that are needed.
7. Reason for the emergence of big business during the Industrial Revolution
The industrial revolution was a period in history that created rapidly technological and economic growth around the US. This period was full of new inventions, the creation of big business, expansion to the west and the rise of cities.
The expansion to the west started with the Transcontinental Railroad, that was created in the 1860s and connected west to the east. To built this road a massive amount of oil, wood, steel, and jobs were needed. This created the perfect scenario to the rise of Big Business like Rockefeller’s Standart Oild Company, Carnegie and others.
The 15th amendment allowed every American citizen the right to vote no matter their race.If its a multy choice give me the answers and ill go through and find which one.
After British forces started losing battles in the South they started to support the patriots.
Hope this helps!
