Answer:
CLAIM
Explanation:
A claim is making of a statement without using adequate evidence to back it up or make it up.
The given sentence is an example of a claim because it says the Nile was a source of water to the Egyptians and also made the soil very fertile without giving evidence of how the soil became more fertile.
The Great Schism was an event that divided Christianity into Western Catholic Churches and Eastern Christian Churches.
Answer:
The first one is the answer