The group within the experiment that is treated exactly like the experimental group EXCEPT that the variable is not applied to it is the Control Group.
Answer: Glucocorticoids such as cortisol affect carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, anti-proliferative, and vasoconstrictive effects.
Answer:
b. Many mitochondrial proteins are coded by cellular nuclear DNA.
Explanation:
According to the concept of endosymbiosis, eukaryotic organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts arose from symbiotic relationships between larger cells and smaller prokaryotes. These smaller prokaryotes were incorporated and lived within them. According to this concept, mitochondria originated when a larger cell engulfed an aerobic bacteria (most probably the purple bacteria) that lived in it. However, some of the proteins of the mitochondria are encoded by nuclear chromosomes. This dependence of mitochondria on nuclear DNA does not support the concept of endosymbiosis.
C. electron transport and chemiosmosis
Chemiosmosis<span> involves movement of </span>ions<span> across a </span>semipermeable membrane<span>, down their </span>electrochemical gradient<span>. More specifically, it relates to the generation of </span>adenosine triphosphate<span> (ATP) by the movement of </span>hydrogen<span> ions across a </span>membrane<span> during </span>cellular during respiration<span> </span><span>.</span>Hydrogen ions, or protons<span>, will </span>diffuse<span> from an area of high proton concentration to an area of lower proton concentration, and an </span>electrochemical concentration gradient<span> of protons across a membrane can be harnessed to make ATP. This process is related to </span>osmosis<span>, the diffusion of </span>water<span> across a membrane, which is why it is called "chemiosmosis".</span>