Mitochondrial DNA can be traced for generations. It is because of the fact that unlike nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA rarely gets mutated. The frequency of mutations in the mitochondrial DNA is approximately one every 3,500 years per nucleotide. That is why mitochondrial DNA of a person is almost similar to his/her direct maternal ancestor. So, it can be used to match lineages amongst people.
Answer:
Carbon monoxide and antimycin are classified as electron transport inhibitors, FCCP as uncoupling agent, oligomycin as ATP synthase inhibitors, and bongkrekic acid as transport inhibitor.
Explanation:
The electron transport inhibitors refers to the substances, which get combine with distinct constituents of the ETC and prevent the function of the carrier. These substances binds with the carrier and prevent its transformation, which eventually results in halting of the process. The most commonly known electron transport inhibitors are rotenone, carbon monoxide, antimycin, etc.
A molecule that prevents oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and prokaryotes, or photo-phosphorylation in cyanobacteria and chloroplasts by inhibiting the production of ATP is known as ATP synthase inhibitors. The most commonly known ATP synthase inhibitor is oligomycin.
Similarly to oligomycin, FCCP or trifluorocarbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone is a potent uncoupler or uncoupling agent that prevents the synthesis of ATP by enhancing membrane proton permeability.
Bongkrekic acid refers to a highly toxic transport inhibitor that prevents the ADP/ATP translocase by combining with the inward facing site of ATP-ADP translocase.
Answer:
covalent bonds and ionic bonds. ionic bonds are created when two things share ions and become one this exist in things like salt, a covalent bond is when the particles just simply stick together such as water
The 7-month-old infant is accustomed to
having the perineal area exposed and cared for and is not in a developmental
stage in which fears related to sexuality are present. A "clean
catch" at this age is often contaminated; therefore catheterization has
been prescribed. The parents do have the right to refuse, but this concern is
not realistic an infant of this age. The parent's concern is not appropriate
for the developmental age of the infant.
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Answer:
see explanation
Explanation:
Osmosis refers to the movement of solvent (mostly water) molecules through a selectively (semi) permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration, in such a way as to equate the solute concentrations on both sides.
The salt (solute) is in higher concentration outside the lettuce. Hence, water moves from inside the lettuce where there is lower salt concentration outwards to the point of higher solute concentration in order to equate the salt concentration on both sides.
