The featured character is a person who dives in the water to pick up the mud or sand.
Stanley's father was an inventor. To be a successful inventor you need three things: intelligence, perseverance, and just a little bit of luck. Stanley's father was smart and had a lot of perseverance. Once he started a project he would work on it for years, often going days without sleep. He just never had any luck.
The mutual reward theory states D
It depends on the context and severity. For instance, if two people were in an argument and one of them calls the other a disrespectful name, you might separate the people and take away a privilege of the one who insulted the other