When the Sun's energy moves through space, it reaches Earth's atmosphere and finally the surface. This radiant solar energy warms the atmosphere and becomes heat energy. This heat energy is transferred throughout the planet's systems in three ways: by radiation, conduction, and convection.
Answer:
any of numerous complex proteins that are produced by living cells and catalyze specific biochemical reactions at body temperatures
Honestly it would be the Exosphere<span> but since that's not one of the choices it would be the Thermosphere. </span>
Answer:
10 arrangements, although the parents have brown hair, they have a recessive allele for the blonde hair. The two brown heads can make a blonde or brown and or course even a red haired child. In this case the parents with dominant brown hair have a recessive blonde hair giving them a chance to have 10 arrangements to have blonde hair due to their recessive allele.
Explanation:
Heterozygous means that to have inherited different forms of a particular gene from each parent. In this case the children will inherit both brown and blonde hair genes.
Answer:
Results
We systematically analyze and compare how different modelling methodologies can be used to describe translation. We define various statistically equivalent codon-based simulation algorithms and analyze the importance of the update rule in determining the steady state, an aspect often neglected. Then a novel probabilistic Boolean network (PBN) model is proposed for modelling translation, which enjoys an exact numerical solution. This solution matches those of numerical simulation from other methods and acts as a complementary tool to analytical approximations and simulations. The advantages and limitations of various codon-based models are compared, and illustrated by examples with real biological complexities such as slow codons, premature termination and feedback regulation. Our studies reveal that while different models gives broadly similiar trends in many cases, important differences also arise and can be clearly seen, in the dependence of the translation rate on different parameters. Furthermore, the update rule affects the steady state solution.
Conclusions
The codon-based models are based on different levels of abstraction. Our analysis suggests that a multiple model approach to understanding translation allows one to ascertain which aspects of the conclusions are robust with respect to the choice of modelling methodology, and when (and why) important differences may arise. This approach also allows for an optimal use of analysis tools, which is especially important when additional complexities or regulatory mechanisms are included. This approach can provide a robust platform for dissecting translation, and results in an improved predictive framework for applications in systems and synthetic biology.
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