The answer is C. Cytoplasm.
Answer:
D. Polymerase chain reaction
Explanation:
PCR is very percise; used to amplify or copy a specific DNA target from a mixture of DNA molecules by:
- two short DNA sequences (primers) are bind to start and end the DNA target
- perform the PCR; DNA templates is added to a tube that contains primers, free nucleotides, and the enzyme (DNA polymearse)
- it is mixed in a PCR machine that increases and decreases the temperature of the sample
- mixture is heated to seperate the double strnaded DNA templated into single strands
- mixture is cooled so the primers can bind to the DNA template
- the DNA polymerase will synthesize to new strands of DNA from the primers
- during synthesis, the end of the first cycle, the DNA molecule will consist of a new and old DNA strand
- PCR continues with added cycles to repeat the steps
- newly synthesized DNA segements serve as templates in later cycles; which can be copied over and over.
DNA Replication occurs during the S synthesis phase.
I am certain that the difficulties of maintaining a long-term immune memory to influenza viruses are due to the Antigenic shift from zoonotic sources.
The adaptive immune response is intiated when the DCs present viral antigens to the naive and memory T-lymphoctes. During an influenza infection, the antigens are acquired by the DCs through two different mechanism.
