The answer is nationalism
Answer:
Mesopotamia
Explanation:
it was located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
The Eighth Amendment<span> (</span>Amendment<span> VIII) of the United States Constitution </span>prohibits <span>the federal </span>government<span> from imposing </span>excessive bail<span>, </span>excessive fines<span>, or </span>cruel and unusual punishment<span>.</span>
That would be 2 I believe