
Air pollution has become an extremely serious problem. Air pollutants affect both plants and animals. Under polluted conditions, plants develop different physiological, morphological and anatomical changes. Pollutants cause damage to cuticular waxes by which then they enter the leaves through stomata. This further leads to injury to plants which can be either acute or chronic. Changes in stomata due to air pollutants which seem to be small can be of great consequence with respect to survival of the plant during stress. These effects can further lead to disturbing the water balance of leaf or whole plant. Respiration also gets affected because of the exposure of plants to air pollutants. The present paper deals with the effect of air pollutants on stomata as well as on respiration leading to affect gaseous exchange.


Answer:
D3O® was invented in 1999 by British engineer Richard Palmer. An avid snowboarder, he was looking for a way to protect himself from the many bumps and bruises he suffered from frequent wipeouts on his board. He found his answer in D3O,® which was named after the lab in which it was discovered.
Explanation:
Prey or predation is a biological interaction where a predator (an organism, often an animal) kills and eats its prey (another organism).
Like a mouse getting caught and eaten by a bird of prey (Eagles, hawks, etc.)
i think it's contact, dynamic, and regional
hope this helps