In the 1800's due to the Wars Of Independence, France was a friend of the USA. It thus felt threatened if its friend, the French, were heavily beaten.
Thomas Paine's book, Common Sense, supported independence of the North American colonies.
He said that it was common sense that the colonists should be free of their former masters because now they were a new country/continent and had to take care of themselves. The other options have nothing to do with this pamphlet.
The impact of was: <span>A. It surveyed and organized the western lands.
It was one of the accomplishments that made after the enaction of Articles of Confederation.
The ordinance separated the western lands into several parts and sold it with a cheap price for the businessman who want to conduct an agricultural business</span>
Catholic church responded to the Reformation through the allowance of Calvinist movement to continue expansion and also agreed to perform services in the vernacular.
Answer : Option D and E
<u>Explanation:</u>
The Catholic Church responded to the Reformation of Protestants by the formation of Council of Trent. the Council of Trent was formed in the year of 1545, the Church opened it for dealing with the problems raised by Martin Luther.
The assembly of high officials formed the Council of Trent, meeting principally in the Northern Italian town of Trent for a period of discontinuity for eighteen years held in 25 sessions.
Luther justification of faith was denied and Doctrine of Merit was affirmed and so the Church got weakened but the Calvinist movement got expansion with services in vernacular was accepted to be performed.
