Apprenticeship is a dual-system programme that formally blends in and rotates academic and practical/ on the job learning.
Apprenticeships can be independent or cooperative. Independent are solely employer organized and run. Cooperative are a partnership between the employers and academic institutions.
Apprenticeships systems vary from country to country and can cover from a few to all industry sectors including industry, hospitality and services.
The United Kingdom for example has a National Apprenticeships which facilitates apprenticeships in England which allows young adults to enter skilled trades i.e. within the construction industry.
The patronage system refers to a form of financial aid given to a certain people in order to support their work since their work is not commonly profitable.
Today, the patronage system exist in crowd funding. The fields could vary from arts, technology, fashion, or any other industries as long as they collect the interest of the mass.
For example, online creators these day could utilize website called patreon to seek people that willing to fund their projects.
Or
new companies that want to collect capital to mass produce their invention could ask for help in a website called kickstarter.
