According to the central principle of utility, actions are right in proportion, as they tend to promote happiness, and wrong, as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness (pain).
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What is the principle of utility?</h3>
The concept of the principle of utility refers to the standard that determines whether or not any action is acceptable. According to the propensity it shows to either increase or decrease the happiness of the party whose interest is under consideration, or, to put it another way, to support or oppose that happiness.
For instance, the utilitarian viewpoint holds that you should select the flavour of ice cream that will make you feel the happiest if you are making a decision for yourself. If you like chocolate but detest vanilla, go with chocolate for the delight it will provide, and stay away from vanilla because it will make you unhappy.
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Answer:
A market for cats would have had a positive externality.
Because the cats would kill the rats on sight since that is their natural behavior.
However, it is interesting to mention, that the cat's killing has been more of a "mythic" aspect of this story, since it fails to take into account that since the black death was caused by the<em> yersinia pestis</em> bacteria, cats could have been also infected, and since their interactions with humans are greater than rats or fleas, the real outcome could have been totally unexpected.
The answer is 1, 3, 4 and maybe 2 but I'm not sure.