The answer for this question would be choice <span>B) Water, rock, and surface materials, or the second option.</span>
Answer:
1. The difference between the normal hemoglobin protein DNA sequence and the sickle cell hemoglobin DNA sequence is a base to base shift, in this case adenine (GAG) to thymine (GTG).
2. The difference affects the amino acid sequence of the protein by replacing glutamic acid (Glu) with valine (Val).
Explanation:
In sickle cell anemia, a change in the DNA nucleotide sequence is observed, where adenine is substituted by thymine, whose expression is the change in the amino acid sequence of globine β, incorporating valine instead of glutamic acid. This represents a molecular mutation - point mutation - by subtitution, which corresponds to missense mutation.
<u>Normal hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT GAG GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro Glu Glu Lys Ser
<u>Sickle cell hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT <em>GTG</em> GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro <em>Val</em> Glu Lys Ser
When GAG is transcribed to mRNA, the CUC codon is obtained, which codes for glutamic acid. Thymine substitution causes the DNA sequence to change to GTG, which is transcribed as CAC, the codon that encodes the amino acid valine. The <u>change from glutamic acid to valine in β-globin causes an altered hemoglobin, giving the abnormal erythrocytes observed in sickle cell disease</u>.
Answer: They lack nucleus and other organelles important for the synthesis of the enzyme.
Explanation:
The main function of the red blood cells is to supply oxygen throughout the body. The oxygen binds to the hemoglobin and travels throughout the body to ensure the supply of oxygen to various organs and more precisely the cells of the body.
The enzymes that is being synthesized inside the body is produced by the help of the gene and nucleus along with the other organelles involved in it.The mature red blood cells lack nucleus in order to increase the surface area for carrying the oxygen.
As there is no nucleus, mitochondria and golgi apparatus in the cell, there is no enzyme synthesis and broke down in the cell.
The structure is D. a substrate
Passive transport is the movement of substances across the membrane without the expenditure of cellular energy.
