The Bill of Rights protects citizens accused of crimes by the fifth amendment because the fifth amendment allows them to not answer a question if it would further self-incriminate them. This prevents a criminal from being forced to say something that could be used against them. A second way the Bill of Rights protects citizens accused of crimes is by the sixth amendment, which gives every citizen the right to a fair trial and jury.
1. It establishes protection from cruel and unusual punishment.
2. It establishes protection against self-incrimination.
The correct answer is D. Baron de Montesquieu.
Explanation
Charles Louis de Secondat, lord of la Brède and baron de Montesquieu (1689 - 1755) was a French philosopher who stood out for his ideas related to the intellectual and cultural movement of the Enlightenment. His works focused on the theory of separation of powers, which has been introduced in many constitutions around the world. His most famous work on the division of powers was his treatise "On the Spirit of the Laws" in which he states that in antiquity the functions of the State (necessary for the protection of the citizen) were monopolized in a single entity, which usually associates with despotism. Therefore, he proposes to distribute public powers among different entities, which limit each other, avoiding the monopolization of power in a single person or entity. So, the correct answer is D. Baron de Montesquieu.
