While the Modernization and Dependency theories identify conflicting causes for<span>the under-developme<span>nt of the Third World, they equally suggest competing</span></span><span>solutions for the development of the same.
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The correct answer is functional fixedness.
Functional fixation is a type of cognitive bias that gives us the tendency, as human beings, to only use products and services as they are conventionally used.
It explains why we do not use the items more efficiently and / or cheaply, having been initially studied (and received this name) because of the research carried out by the psychological Karl Duncker.
Explanation:
Party organization
D. A group dedicated to electing the party’s candidates.
The "party" as an "organization" have a established national office and full time staffs of their own. These party are governed by their own sets of rules and laws. They also have party budgets to spend on election campaigns and meetings . The party organization have a dedicated group which pursues electoral victory.
Party in government
B. An alliance of current officeholders cooperating to shape public policy.
The "party in the government" includes elected officials those who represent themselves as party members (such as President and Congress). These leaders always take part in shaping and framing the public policies.
Party in electorate
A. Those voters who identify with the party and regularly vote for its nominees
The "party in electorate" are people who think themselves as party members but are not officially. These voters or people do not have any party membership cards. These voters regularly influences other to vote and they vote for their nominees.
