Here is some information that will help.
1) US policy of containment- This policy was focused on trying to stopped the spread of communism all over the world.
2) Truman Doctrine- This was a law passed by Congress that gave Turkey and Greece $400 million in aid. This reflected containment because Truman gave money to these countries to ensure that they did not fall under the control of the Soviet Union ( a communist country at this time).
3) Marshall Plan- This was a law passed by Congress that gave $13 billion in aid to countries all over Europe after World War II. These countries including Great Britain, France, Turkey, Greece, etc. This reflects containment because the US is giving money to these governments to make sure that they do not turn communist.
4) Berlin Airlift- This air drop allowed the US to give supplies to citizens in West Berlin, since the Soviet Union was blocking their railways and roads.
5) Korean War- The US supported the democratic country of South Korea in their fight against the communist North Korea. This reflects containment, as America was trying to stop communism from spreading into South Korea.
Wind patterns, ocean currents, proximity to large bodies of water (i.e. seas and oceans), and elevation all impact climate patterns through a variety of factors. These factors largely impact the flow of energy and heat from the sun across the Earth's surface through processes of convection. For example the "Jet Stream" in the United States is a wind pattern that carries air and weather patterns across the United States and its flow shifts directions depending on seasons. Another is the Gulf Stream which brings warm currents from the Caribbean and Central American up the American coast and out into the Atlantic ocean warming the temperatures of the coastal water ways and also impacting the climate of the land near it.
Last are the serfs they were basically slaves
"As a result of some former Confederate states' refusal to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment,"
Possible answer = Congress established military rule in the South.
Math was used to help the researchers with their tools and theories.