Answer: 1) scientific revolution that preceded industrial revolution and which took place in the European Nortwest (science free of religious dogmatism), 2) progressive rational/empiric philosophy of Enlightenment (economic and consequently also political liberalism), 3) free access to raw materials in colonies (Africa, Americas and Asia).
Explanation: Scientic revolution introduced (not completely but almost completely) a mechanistic and materialistic metaphor of the world....so in the 19th century this perspective became predominant (soon after it was an organicist/Darwinian perspective), Enlightenment questioned divine rights of royal power (medieval and ancient idea) and introduced rights of man and consequently idea of society free of all economic and political limitations and then there were vast lands oveseas that could supply necessary material. What makes part of all that is French revolution, first machines and slavery (which abolished during the 19th century).
He shared it with French royals. When he became the King of England he didn't have to share it with anyone anymore and had his own kingdom that was separate from French nobles and French royalty. Since then, 1066, the Norman dynasties ruled the British Isles that they conquered.
It's Ireland and England. These are two related countries with intertwined histories, but where the larger neighbor periodically conquered/subjugated/exploited the other
