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Nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids are the four major types of biomolecules that form all living things. These biomolecules consists of monomers linked together by covalent bonds to form polymers.
- Nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids can be classified according to their basic elements, monomer constituents, and functions.
Basic elements:
- Nucleic acids: Hydrogen (H); Carbon (C); Oxygen (O); Nitrogen (N); Phosphorous (P)
- Proteins: Hydrogen (H); Carbon (C); Oxygen (O); Nitrogen (N); Sulfur (Z)
- Carbohydrates: Hydrogen (H); Carbon (C); Oxygen (O)
- Lipids: Hydrogen (H); Carbon (C); Oxygen (O); Phosphorous (P)
Monomer constituents:
- Nucleic acids: nucleotides
- Proteins: amino acids
- Carbohydrates: monosaccharides
- Lipids: fatty acids and glycerol
Functions:
- Nucleic acids: contains the hereditary information to synthesize proteins
- Proteins: regulate metabolic processes (enzymes), the main biomolecule of cellular structures
- Carbohydrates: store energy (short term); form cellular structures
- Lipids: store energy (long term); the main component of biological membranes
Examples:
- Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA
- Proteins: lactase; collagen
- Carbohydrates: starch (polysaccharide); glucose (monosacharide)
- Lipids: phospholipids; cholesterol
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Answer:
0.058 % kcalories comes from carbohydrate.
Explanation:
1 g of carbohydrtes gives 4 calories, 1 g of protein gives 4 kcalories, 1 gm of fat gives 9 calories and 1 g of alcohol gives 7 calories of energy.
Thus in a meal that contains 110 g carbohydrates gives 110 x 4 = 440 calories, 25 g protein gives 25 x 4 = 100 calories, 20 g fat gives 20 x 9 = 180 calories and 5 g alcohol gives 5 x 7 = 35 calories.
Total calories in a meal 440+100+180+35 = 755.
Therefore % of carbogydrate will be 440x 100 divided by 755 = 58.27 %
In kcalories % would be 58.27/1000 = 0.5827 %
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