Explanation:
Watson & Crick discovered that DNA is composed of two (2) strands of DNA running antiparallel to each other. One strand is oriented in the 5’ -> 3’ direction while the other is oriented in the 3’ -> 5’ direction. The nitrogenous bases of the strands are found in between the two-strand backbones and they form hydrogen bonding with each other. Specifically, pyrimidines (Cytosine and Thymine) pair with purine (Adenine and Guanine).
The space between the strands is even throughout like a ladder with rungs of equal lengths. However during the twisting on the DNA helix, there are major grooves and minor grooves that form along the helix because of the nature of how the nitrogenous bases are attached to their respective strand. They do not project from their strands at 90 degrees.
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Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a gentic disorder which has an impact on numerous physiological systems. PWS affected individuals (specifically babies) experience delayed growth, significant hypotonia (low muscle tone), and feeding issues. It does effect circadian rhythms in mice models.
SNORD116, often referred to as HBII-85, is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule that contributes to the alteration of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). Unlike the majority of other snoRNAs, SNORD116 is not significantly complementary to ribosomal RNA and is expressed widely in the brain (but not in PWS patients).
According to the studies, SNORD116 cause sleep defect in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome. Same observation was seen in mouse models too. Paternal expression of SNORD116 is thought to be a potential gene for the sleep disruptions/circadian rhythm’s that the majority of PWS sufferers.
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A form of asexual reproduction of a plant. Only 1 plant is involved and the offspring is the result of the 1 parent. It is genetically identical to the parent.
Something about the Artic Biome And desert biome
