They formed a settlement at Salem, New Jersey, in 1675. In 1681, King Charles II granted William Penn, a Quaker, a charter for the area that was to become Pennsylvania. Penn guaranteed the settlers of his colony freedom of religion. So depending on what time period you look at it will be different.
The catholic church wanted to share power with the emperor, so the coronation was an occasion to say in a very public way that the right to make a person king was in the hand of the church, thus making the church itself a very powerful entity who could in fact play a crucial role in the balance power of the period, as it was in many occasion.
The democrats gained power after the 1876 presidential election.
