Explanation:
The word innovate has always generated, in human history, uncertainty, skepticism and even rejection by those who want to preserve the established order. After all, "innovating" consists of "altering something, introducing new features", so the innovator is a revolutionary who introduces changes that alter order and, therefore, introduces some initial disorder that, over time, will become a new order prevailing to be later altered and transformed again as a result of the introduction of a new innovation. Some examples help clarify this point.
The Ottoman Turkish Empire under Sultan Bayezid II closed to the possibility of experiencing the benefits of the introduction of the printing press. The Sultan, by means of an edict, prohibited printing in Arabic. Only in 1727 would the introduction of the first printing press be allowed in the lands of the empire, but under strict control, as evidenced by Ibrahim Müteferrika, whose production was controlled by religious scholars.
Müteferrika himself was aware that Europeans were advancing by leaps and bounds and the Ottoman Empire was left behind and that was due to the European political system that guaranteed rights and freedoms, and to rationalism and the scientific revolution. Instead, the progress (education and literacy) of the Turkish empire had been mortgaged due to religious fundamentalism and Islamic law. The secularization of society was a necessary step for the scientific revolution. However, we must also keep in mind that the printing press (and in our days twitter and internet) are innovations that totalitarian and dictatorial regimes such as North Korea and Cuba do not like, since they propagate ideas that can be considered as “ subversive ”and that threaten the integrity of the oppressive State along with its civil and military elite. It is easier and safer that knowledge is not dispersed but centralized in a single institution so that homogeneous and uncritical consciences can be formed. It is not surprising that totalitarian and authoritarian regimes immediately intervene in education as a way of earning the uncritical loyalty of the population.
Answer:
The purpose of a treaty is to officially end the state of war between the hostile parties.
You can win or lose a war in many ways. It depends on the time in history. A nation can surrender after enough losses, give the territories to the winner or the whole country in some cases. But capitulation is not the only way to win a war. You can lose every single part of land a country owns but continue to fight with your allies like Serbia did in World War 1. And Germany surrendered in World War 1 not by losing territory but by realizing that there is no way to win the war. And in World War 2 they were fighting until the end. Even after the capitulation, some soldiers kept fighting.
So to win a war you need the other side to surrender. Casualties, territory, and length of war do not mean victory or defeat, only when one party concedes defeat.
By the legitimate senior members of select families or 'houses
Religion was a major cause of the English Civil War. It was part of a Europe wide conflict between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism. At the start of his reign (1625) King Charles I had married the Roman Catholic Henrietta Maria of France.
