Answer:
Explanation:
1. Some of the operational and behavioral benefits that are generally attributed to a participatory budgeting process are as follows:
a) Utilization of the best knowledge of activities in a specific area, because the participants are close to daily operations.
b) Goals that are more realistic and acceptable.
c) Improved communication and group cohesiveness.
d) A sense of commitment and willingness to be held accountable for the budget.
2. Four deficiencies in Patricia Eklund’s participatory policy for planning and performance evaluation, along with recommendations of how the deficiencies can be corrected:
Deficiencies Recommendations The setting of constraints on fixed expenditures includes uncontrollable fixed costs, thereby mitigating the positive effects of participatory budgeting. Rewards should be based on meeting budget and/or organizational goals or objectives. The arbitrary revision of approved budgets defeats the participatory process. The contingency budget should be separate, over and above each department’s srcinal submission. The division manager holds back a percentage of each budget for discretionary use. Managers should be involved in the revision of budgets. Managers could submit a budget with programs at different levels of funding. Evaluation based on budget performance must be accompanied with intrinsic rewards. Divisional constraints could be at a budget "kick-off meeting;however individual limit of controllable expenses should be set by each manager
Answer:please see below for answes
Explanation:
1. Several individuals operate the cash register using the same register drawer--- Weak Internal control --- Establishment of responsibilities is violated.
2. A monthly bank reconciliation is prepared by someone who has no other cash responsibilities-----Good---The procedures follows independent internal verification.
3. Joe Cockrell writes checks and also records cash payment entries.-----Weak Internal control ------Segregation of duties is violated
4. One individual orders inventory, while a different individual authorizes payments.---- Good---- The procedures follow the Segregation of duties .
5. Unnumbered sales invoices from credit sales are forwarded to the accounting department every four weeks for recording.---- Weak-----The procedure here does not follow good documentation and procedures.
----Internal controls are measures laid out by companies to ensure its employees are compliant in following set regulations and standards to ensure financial reports are not manipulated and promoting effective operations in order safeguard it's assets from unauthorized use or theft.
Some internal controls include Segregation of duties, documentation procedures, proper authorization, establishment of responsibilities etc.
John Maynard Keynes believed that governments should increase spending in order to increase demand .
The correct answer is increase demand
Answer:
1. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act :-
The act governs level of quality for those food, drugs , medical instruments, as well as beauty products produced and procured by customers in the market of America. Government control as well as regulation of these guidelines was also supplied for under the law.
2. Truth in Lending Act (TILA) :-
The Truth in Lending Act (TILA) relates to the federal law that allows borrowers to make some statements regarding consumer credit conditions and prices. TILA includes rules regulating accessible-end credit lines, closed-end personal loans, retail lending as well as private lending to college.
The free cash flow can be calculated as below:
Revenue 12000000
Less: Expense (8000000)
Less: Depreciation (1500000)
Earnings Before Tax 2500000
Less Tax (750000)
Earnings after tax 1750000
Add Depreciation 1500000
Total Cash Earnings 3250000
Less: Change in Working Capital (500000)
Less : Purchase of Asset (700000)
Free Cash Flow 2050000
Thus Free Cash Flow can be calculated as above.
