There are many causes to the Renaissance, the first is the Bubonic Plague, also known as "The Black Death." The plague spread throughout Europe like wildfire during the 1300s but ultimately led to good changes in business and trade in places like Italy. Italy moved away from meager grain sales to the sales of fine items like wine, oil, cheese, and leather goods. Italy's central location made it a great hub for business and trade with the countries of Northern Europe. (I realize that Italy was not actually called Italy during the Renaissance; however, it is the easiest way to picture it since that is what we call it now).
Another cause of the Renaissance was the new idea that social class didn't have to dictate your wealth. For the first time, people realized that they could work hard to earn money and then rise in society, rather than to let the class they were born into dictate their financial freedom.
Overall, the Renaissance was a time when people began to think for themselves and to attempt new artistic feats. The trade of fine items and ideas would eventually lead the Renaissance to spread throughout Northern Europe, and for the first time the working class emerged as wealthy.
Answer: Renaissance took place in a specific ambience of city-states in the northern Italy (Florence, Tuscany; Ferrara, Verona, Pisa, Luca, Milano, Venice, Genoa etc etc.) where the market economy, free-market (thanks to overseas business of some of these city-states) started to develop. These city-states became a destination of some waves of migrations (Jews expulsed from Spain 1492, Greeks leaving Constantinople after being conquered by Turks in 1453) so they soon manifested traits of multiculturalism. These city-towns got quite wealthy so they became centers of arts, architecture, science and philosophy. The psychological effect of that was that of leaving medieval dogmatic, ascetic or austere lifestyle. The result of that was a totally new historical era with its specific values and paradigm.
Explanation: Italian renaissance differs from its later versions that appeared north of Alps (the Netherlands, German lands, France or England).
In the mathematical theory of artificial neural networks, universal approximation theorems are results that establish the density of an algorithmically generated class of functions within a given function space of interest. ... Most universal approximation theorems can be parsed into two classes.
