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#1: The first three choices describe African music. Three notable characteristics of African music include the use of their indigenous instruments, strong harmonic structures, as well as complex rhythms. While this music is also used for dances, a dance is not a characteristic of a music since they work as separate entities.
Answer: D. A vast number of dances.
#2: A minimalist music is defined as the music where the technique of expanding on a certain chord to utilize it's various harmonic potentials is used. This definition is close to that of the Indian raga, where the musicians doing the type of music are given five notes or more to which they are supposed to improvise on. Both types of music rely on a certain base chord thus Indian raga could have influenced minimalist composition.
Answer: A. Indian ragas
#3: Metallophones are any musical instruments that consist of metals which are struck to form a sound. Among the options, metallophones fall under the category of idiophones which is defined as any instrument that vibrates to form a sound after being struck (or any method used to make it move).
Answer: A. Idiophones
#4: John Cage studied the I Ching before becoming interested in chance music. The I Ching is a Chinese text that deals with random numbers and chances. This relates to chance music in a way that a chance music is a composition wherein some of the parts are literally "left to chance".
Answer: D. The I Ching
