Cyanobacteria obtain their energy through photosynthesis
The answer is A: Polyploidy is a condition in which an organism acquired more than the normal amount of chromosomes.
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False, it's extremely difficult for scientists to agree upon what makes relatively close species different when it comes to extremely technical factors. Whether something is simply a single deformation of a specimen/family or the discovery of an entirely new species. However there are species that are concretely defined, like humans, and it's unlikely that evolution will introduce a new version of humanity any time soon - but if it came to be that 5000 years in the future humans were genetically a world different than how we are today, I suspect it would be a long argument on whether or not they should be classified as a new species by their scientific leaders.
The answer is The Principle of Independent Assortment. The principle of independent assortment states that genes that are located on different chromosomes will be inherited independently of each other.