Answer:
Rates.
Explanation:
They allow to make comparisons.
Answer:
The answer is Avoidance theory.
Explanation:
Avoidance consists of some behaviors that attempt that we do not have any kind of exposure to a stimulus that provokes our fear. Escape refers to the fact of leaving a fear-provoking situation.
However, these strategies are considered maladaptive because they usually help to keep disorder as well as decrease functioning. These strategies eliminate the unpleasant symptoms and this is the reason why they are considered highly reinforcing.
Answer:
This personality disorder is called narcissistic.
Explanation:
Narcissistic personality disorder reflects grandiosity, superiority, inflated ego, entitled, need for admiration; perceived or real lack of empathy, exploit others, criticize others; often have underlying low self-esteem. Also, overly self-involved and views self as special and deserves special attention. As a result, the "me" generation is extremely vain and self-involved.
Substance use disorders, which are problematic patterns of using alcohol or another substance, such as crack cocaine, methamphetamine (“meth”), amyl nitrite (“poppers”), prescription opioids, and heroin, are closely associated with HIV, AIDS, and other sexually transmitted diseases.
Injection drug use (IDU) can be a direct route of HIV transmission if people share needles, syringes, or other injection materials that are contaminated with HIV. However, drinking alcohol and ingesting, smoking, or inhaling drugs are also associated with increased risk for HIV. These substances alter judgment, which can lead to risky sexual behaviors (e.g., having sex without a condom, having multiple partners) that can make people more likely to get and transmit HIV.
Hopes this helps :)