Characterization is the way an author describes or conveys a character's traits.
B. people who have good fortune should not expect it to last forever...
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I believe the answer is character, conflict, and setting.
Stupidity.................
These lines are an example of a) Pathos.
Pathos appeals to the emotions of a given audience in order to strengthen an argument. It uses logic, but draws upon emotion. This passage from The Declaration of Independence depicts the King of England as a cruel and unfit leader. It uses logic to enhance this argument, but its intent is to use emotion.