Answer:
SPQR, an abbreviation for Senātus Populusque Rōmānus, is an emblematic abbreviated phrase referring to the government of the ancient Roman Republic. It appears on Roman currency, at the end of documents made public by an inscription in stone or metal, and in dedications of monuments and public works.
or
SPQR: A History of Ancient Rome is a 2015 book by English classicist Mary Beard that was published in the United Kingdom by Profile Books and elsewhere by Liveright & Company. SPQR appeared on the hardcover, non-fiction bestseller list in December 2015.
Explanation:
Answer: Diplomacy.
Diplomatic sanctions are issued by countries or by the United Nations. These sanctions trigger the reduction or removal of diplomatic ties, such as embassies and consulates. The severance of diplomatic relations is one of the measures contained in Article 41 of the UN Charter, and have historically been one of the most frequently used sanctions.