Protists and Supergroups
Diatoms – SAR - Stramenopila
Foraminiferans – SAR - Rhizaria
Plasmodial slime molds - Unikonta - Amoebazoans
Trichomonas vaginalis - Excavata - Parabasalids
Giardia intestinalis - Excavata - Diplomonads
Dinoflagellates - SAR - Alveolata
Green algae - Archaeplastida- Chlorophytes
Brown algae - SAR-Stramenopila
Explanation:
Protists are the simplest eukaryotes. Due to their vast diversity of species, they are broadly divided into four supergroups or the clades. They are the Archaeplastida, Excavata, SAR clade, and Unikonta.
Archaeplastida: Interrelated with DNA sequence, cell structure, and endosymbiotic relationships. Divided into red algae, chlorophytes, charophyceans, and the plants. Eg, red algae, green algae, plants.
Excavata: Protists with cytoskeletal features like excavated grooves. This clade includes diplomonads, parabasalids, euglenozoans. Eg., Trichomonas and Giardia species
SAR: Protists interrelated with their DNA sequences and endosymbiotic relationships. Further divided into alveolata, stramenopila, and rhizaria. Eg., diatoms, dinoflagellates
Unikonta: Protists with flagella like structures, pseudopodia, genes fused together. Divided into amoebozoans and opisthokonts. These include slime molds, fungi, entamoebas, animals etc.
<span>Levels of OrganizationIn unicellular (single-celled) organisms,
the single cell performs all life functions. It functions independently.
However, multicellular (many celled) organisms have various levels of
organization within them. Individual cells may perform specific
functions and also work together for the good of the entire organism.
The cells become dependent on one another.Multicellular organisms have
the following 5 levels of organization ranging from simplest to most
complex:<span><span>LEVEL 1 - Cells<span><span>Are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
</span>May serve a specific function within the organismExamples- blood cells, nerve cells, bone cells, etc.</span></span><span>LEVEL 2 - Tissues<span>Made up of cells that are similar in structure and function and which work together to perform a specific activity
Examples - blood, nervous, bone, etc. Humans have 4 basic tissues: connective, epithelial, muscle, and nerve.</span></span><span>LEVEL 3 - OrgansMade up of tissues that work together to perform a specific activityExamples - heart, brain, skin, etc.</span><span>LEVEL4 - Organ Systems
<span>Groups of two or more tissues that work together to perform a specific function for the organism.
Examples - circulatory system, nervous system, skeletal system, etc.
The
Human body has 11 organ systems - circulatory, digestive, endocrine,
excretory (urinary), immune(lymphatic), integumentary, muscular,
nervous, reproductive, respiratory, and skeletal.</span></span><span>
LEVEL 5 - Organisms
<span>
Entire
living things that can carry out all basic life processes. Meaning they
can take in materials, release energy from food, release wastes, grow,
respond to the environment, and reproduce.
<span>Usually made up of organ systems, but an organism may be made up of only one cell such as bacteria or protist.
</span>Examples - bacteria, amoeba, mushroom, sunflower, human</span></span></span></span>
The correct answer is <span>D) power company - produces energy.
The Mitochondria produce the energy used by the other parts of the cell - called the ATP - in a process called the Krebs cycle. The Krebs cycle produces ATP - like the energy that a power plant produces and a secondary product is </span>
, just like typical power plants also produce
while producing energy. Both in mitochondria and in power plants, the more energy is produced, the more
!
