Answer:
1) testable claims
2) What happens to us after we die? How did so much life appear on our planet when others seem devoid of any species at all? Who, if anyone, pulls the strings of our universe? Is it some all-powerful god in control or are there physical and mathematical principles driving the engine of our existence?
3)
The very right of the diagram.
When translated:
In that sense, in a sense,
