As for function DNA is basically a string of genes and RNA is what converts the information in the DNA into proteins. DNA is the control molecule of the cell and sits in the nucleus. It is made of two strands, connected by hydrogen bonds. Each strand is made of nucleotides.
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The immune system review. B cells, White blood cells that produce antibodies and aid in immunological memory .The body's most important nonspecific defense is the skin, which acts as a .The B cell then internalizes the antigen and presents it to a specialized helper. Innate immunity. Antigens are anything that causes an immune response. such as secretions, mucous, bile, gastric acid, saliva, tears, and sweat. General Immune Responses .There are many types of white blood cells, or leukocytes, that work to defend and protect the. As a result, the immune system can react more quickly the next time it comes into . These cells belong to the so-called cellular defense. It makes sure, for example that bacteria that have entered the skin through a .As the innate immune response is not specialized for specific pathogens, it does not. Natural killer cells play a role in nonspecific cell-mediated immunity by attacking . It launches a more potent secondary immune response . Detection of antigen-antibody complexes is carried out through the following steps. For some illnesses, such as measles and chickenpox, having the disease . either from having an illness or from vaccination, are examples of active immunity. their mothers' antibodies and pathogen-fighting white cells cross the placenta to .a rabid animal might receive rabies antibodies (passive immunization to create .
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Approximately, the oldest stromatolites are 3.6 billion years old on earth.
<u>Explanation:</u>
- Stromatolites is not only oldest earths fossil but conspiracy in that they are singular visual portal in deep time on earth.
- It is defined as laminated accumulation structure that is they stick up above sea floor .
- Stromatolite buildings includes oldest fossils which are 3.5 billions old when the earth were too unfriendly to support life.
- The study of fossil age, evolutionary, method of formation are known as paleontology.
- These specimens are considered as old fossils which are around 3.4 to 4.1 billions years old.
The red-legged frog breeds in ephemeral ponds from January through March. Its relative, the bullfrog, breeds in permanent ponds from late March through May. There are two pre-mating isolation mechanism at play here,
1. Ecological isolation: The habitats are different, hence the individuals of both the species do not meet. Ephemeral ponds are temporary ponds that develop during rainy days, while the permanent ponds are full of water throughout the year.
2. Temporal isolation: The time of mating is different for both the species to avoid contact between the individuals of closely related species. Red-legged frogs mate in January to March slot and the bullfrog in the March to May slot.
