It's the second one that's correct...
The size of the Atlantic slave trade dramatically transformed African societies. The slave trade brought about a negative impact on African societies and led to the long-term impoverishment of West Africa
Because of the superior number of Asian armies, European was at disadvantage in fighting inland.Small islands including <u><em>Java</em></u> and those in mainland southeast Asia were also able to resist the Europeans. Realizing their position within Asia, they became submissive, in which they accepted the power of Asian rulers and kowtowed to them in order to be accepted for trade.
