I believe the answer is: Benjamin disraeli
The challenge that initiated by Benjamin Disraeli damaged the relationship between the British empires and their colonies.
Before this, British empire colonized other countries for a trade/business relationship. But with Disraeli's new way of thinking, more of them were advocated to make the colonized countries become a part of the British empire and heavily involved in their politics.
Answer: Informational writing
Alexander the Great was so impressed by the Indian use of elephants in battle, that he immediately enlisted them into his army. ... Alexander's the Great's tutor was the Greek philosopher Aristotle. In 338 B.C.E., King Philip of Macedon invaded and conquered the Greek city-states.
Answer: A way the ideas of Chang Han reflect a traditional Chinese view of China's relationship with other cultures as people who were not in the favor of helping and just being useless and their greed knows no bounds.
Explanation: it talks about Foreigners which is other cultures being recalcitrant [uncooperative] and their greed knows no bounds. BRAINLESS PLEASE