Answer:
Following are the suggestions to solve unemployment problem:
(i) Change in industrial technique:
Production technique should suit the needs and means of the country. It is essential that labour intensive technology should be encouraged in place of capital intensive technology.
(ii) Policy regarding seasonal unemployment:
Seasonal unemployment is found in agriculture sector and agro based industries.
To remove it:
(a) Agriculture should have multiple cropping,
(b) Plantations, horticulture, dairying and animal husbandry should be encouraged,
(c) Cottage industries should be encouraged.
(iii) Change in education system
Educational pattern should be completely changed. Students who have liking for higher studies should be admitted in colleges and universities. Emphasis should be given on vocational education. Qualified engineers should start their own small units.
(iv) Expansion of Employment exchanges:
More employment exchanges should be opened. Information regarding employment opportunities should be given to people.
(v) More assistance to self employed people:
Most people in India are self employed. They are engaged in agriculture, trade, cottage and small scale industries etc. These persons should be helped financially, providing raw materials and technical training.
(vi) Full and more productive employment:
The main objective of county’s employment policy should be to increase employment opportunities and productivity of labour. Govt. should adopt a policy that provides employment to all people.
(vii) Increase in Production:
To increase employment, it is essential to increase production in agriculture and industrial sectors. Development of small and cottage industries should be encouraged
(ix) High rate of capital formation:
Rate of capital formation in the country should be accelerated. Capital formation should be particularly encouraged in such activities which generate greater employment opportunities. Capital output ratio should be kept low.
(x) Industries in co-operative sector:
Industries in co-operative sector should be encouraged. Kerala Govt.’ set up a textile mill covering 600 unemployed persons on co-operative basis. This is a novel approach to fight against unemployment. Different State Govt. should take necessary steps in this direction.
(xi) Decentralisation of industrial activity:
Decentralisation of Industrial activity is necessary to reduce unemployment. If industrial activities are centralised at one place, there will be less employment opportunities in the under developed areas. So Govt. should adopt such policies which encourage decentralisation of industrial activity.
(xii) Population control:
The growth of population should be checked in order to solve unemployment, problem. Family planning programme should be implemented widely and effectively.