Answer:
c. Instrumentation
Explanation:
In research methods and statistics, mainly there are eight different types of threats associated with the internal validity including experimental mortality, regression, interaction of threats, selection, history, testing, maturation, and instrumentation.
Instrumentation: The term "instrumentation" is described as one of the different types of internal validity threat that encompasses the change in the scores, instruments, or observers that may produce a few changes in the outcomes of a particular study.
In the question above, the given statement represents "instrumentation".
Answer:
Outgroup favouritism.
Explanation:
This is the preference for outgroups over ingroups.
That is, Jennifer is showing preference over those who don't belong to her group.
Answer:
Yes it is a statistic
Explanation:
1,011 people age 50 or older as given above is a statistic since it is a sample from a population. A statistic is characteristuc of data obtained or gotten from a larger quantity or population. In other words A statistic is example the average size of a hard disk drive gotten from from a population of hard disk drives. It is used to estimate from population
Between the 1870s and 1900, Africa faced European imperialist aggression, diplomatic pressures, military invasions, and eventual conquest and colonization. At the same time, African societies put up various forms of resistance against the attempt to colonize their countries and impose foreign domination.
