Answer:
Commas indicate a natural pause in the sentence.
Strong state governments and a weak central government
Answer: Islam first came to West Africa as a slow and peaceful process, spread by Muslim traders and scholars. The early journeys across the Sahara were done in stages. Goods passed through chains of Muslim traders, purchased, finally, by local non-Muslims at the southern most end of the route.
Explanation:
Those people believed in the Mandate of Heaven, they thought that God selected the legitimate ruler. So, the Zhou claimed that the Shang were not chosen by God, and therefore, be overthrow-ed, the answer would be 1
A for sure because section in main idea in the sub section are details that why
