Question

Which passage from the Declaration of Independence reflects the Enlightenment idea of natural rights?

Answer 1

Answer:  "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."

Explanation/details:

John Locke was one of the first of the Enlightenment era philosophers.  The Enlightenment's emphasis on reason was in contrast to superstition and traditional beliefs.  The Scientific Revolution had shown that there are natural laws in place in the physical world and in the universe at large.  Applying similar principles to matters like government and society, Enlightenment thinkers believed that using reason will guide us to the best ways to operate politically so we can create the most beneficial conditions for society.  For John Locke, this included a conviction that all human beings have certain natural rights which are to be protected and preserved.    Locke's ideal was one that promoted individual freedom and equal rights and opportunity for all.  Each individual's well-being (life, health, liberty, possessions) should be served by the way government and society are arranged.

The Declaration of Independence states Locke's natural rights idea in this way:  "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."

John Locke, in his Second Treatise on Civil Government (1690), had expressed those same ideas in these words:

• The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it, which obliges every one: and reason, which is that law, teaches all mankind, who will but consult it, that being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions… (and) when his own preservation comes not in competition, ought he, as much as he can, to preserve the rest of mankind, and may not, unless it be to do justice on an offender, take away, or impair the life, or what tends to the preservation of the life, the liberty, health, limb, or goods of another.

Answer 2

It is a part of John Locke's Natural Rights popular during the age of enlightenment that people had inalienable rights to life, liberty and property. This was reflected by Thomas Jefferson in his Declaration of Independence as rights to life,liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

Another line in the declaration of independence is that people have certain rights just because they are human. Humans are capable of obeying the three natural rights John Locke mentioned making them governable by these laws and therefore entitled to these rights as well.