Look at the world clock on your phone
The most important thing that the designers should take into account are the potential earthquakes - the buildings should be able to withstand the shaking of the ground.
Additionally, Earthquakes often lead to fires, so the buildings should also be fire-proof; especially not made of wood.
Finally, the possibility of a tsunami should be considered.
When the Aryans ruled over the region
The correct answer is - biosphere conditions.
The ecosystems and the structure of the vegetation are parts of the wider term that is the biosphere. According to that, any changes that will appear in the functioning of the ecosystems, or if the structure of the vegetation is affected by something, it means that the biosphere is experiencing changes, thus it is becoming affected by this changes.
In the Middle East, you can expect mainly earthquakes to happen. Earthquakes also result in other natural disasters such as mudslides and floods. To prepare for earthquakes, you can pratice what to do during an actual earthquake such as if you're a farmer and outside, you would want to get to an open area to avoid powerlines, trees, or anything that could come down. To also prepare for or prevent a mudslide, plant and water diversion are good methods to stay safe. You can also make sure you plant appropriately on hills. For floods, you can always ask others about relocation routes and centres. On top of that, if possible, you can prepare a household flood plan.