Answer:
Bread is a carbohydrate.
Digestion of carbohydrates begin from the mouth.
As the bread is eaten and it is been chewed, the salivary amylase act on it.
This is also called mastication which is the breaking down of large pieces of bread into smaller pieces.
The salivary amylase break the monomeric bond between the dissacharides and starches by breaking amylose and amylopectin into smaller glucose.
When it's get to the stomach there is no further breaking down in the stomach because amylase do not get to the stomach because of stomach acidity. The strong peristaltic contraction of the stomach make it to form uniform chyme.
When the chyme entered the small intestine, the pancrease releases the pancreatic juice which contain amylase that breakdown dextrins into shorter carbohydrates. Additional enzymes are released which break maltose into two glucose and this enzyme is called maltase.
Sucrase breakdown sucrose into glucose and galactose.
There are cells in the small intestines which contain membranes that have protein transport which get monosaccharides and other nutrients to be absorbed in the blood.
The liver receive glucose, fructose and galactose and store them which is later use by the cells.
Explanation:
Digestion is the breakdown of large complex food into smaller pieces which can be easily absorbed by the body.
The goal of carbohydrates digestion is to breakdown complex carbohydrates and dissacharides into monosaccharide that can be absorbed into the body.
Answer:
The frequency is higher in case of echolocation sounds produced by Bottlenose dolphins. It falls in the range 40,000 Hz to 130,000 Hz, while the calls made by blue whales lies in the range of 30 Hz to 8,000 Hz.
However, the blue whale calls last a lot longer than the echolocation sounds made by the dolphins. A typical blue whale call is between 10 to 30 seconds long, while the dolphin's click is only 50 to 128 microseconds long.
Hope that answers the question, have a great day!
<span>This because some animal diseases, such as rabies, can also infect people. So preventing the spread of these diseases in animals makes the diseases less likely to be spread to humans.</span>
During photosynthesis, the plant needs carbon dioxide and water-- both of which are released into the air during respiration. And during respiration, the plant needs oxygen and glucose, which are both produced through photosynthesis!
<u>Answer:</u>
Effects Include:
Activates secondary messengers such as cAMP which further activates number of hormones like
- ADH: production of this hormone causes kidneys to retain more water inside body.
- GHRH: release growth factors and stimulates growth of organism.
- ACTH: produces fight or flight responses i.e rise in heart beat, rise in Blood pressure etc
- TSH: Stimulate the synthesis of Thyroid hormone and enhances the metabolism of body. In rare cases causes Goiter without the deficiency of Iodine.
- LH: Stimulate follicle maturation and formation of ovules in women.
- Calcitonin: Decreases blood calcium level by deposition calcium in bones. This effect weakens the muscles.
- Glucagon: Stimulates glycogen breakdown from liver and muscles and many more effects.
<u>Explanation:</u>
Background Knowledge:
GPCR (G Protien coupled receptors) are present inside plasma membrane in huge amount. As name suggest that these receptors are coupled with G proteins during their inactive state present inside of the cell. During their Inactive state these G proteins are bounded with GDP molecule.
Upon receiving signal molecules from outside of cell alters the shape of GPCR. These receptors also triggers change in G Protein, as a result of this GTP get attached with them. This protein further activates reaction cascades inside of the cell.
What happen if GTP cannot be hydrolyzed to GDP + Pi?
If GTP cannot hydrolyzed in to GDP + Pi than, it cannot be able to dissociate from G proteins. Cascade system doesn't stop and produces many effects on body.
Effects Include:
Activates secondary messengers such as cAMP which further activates number of hormones like
- ADH: production of this hormone causes kidneys to retain more water inside body.
- GHRH: release growth factors and stimulates growth of organism.
- ACTH: produces fight or flight responses i.e rise in heart beat, rise in Blood pressure etc
- TSH: Stimulate the synthesis of Thyroid hormone and enhances the metabolism of body. In rare cases causes Goiter without the deficiency of Iodine.
- LH: Stimulate follicle maturation and formation of ovules in women.
- Calcitonin: Decreases blood calcium level by deposition calcium in bones. This effect weakens the muscles.
- Glucagon: Stimulates glycogen breakdown from liver and muscles and many more effects.