The battle of Tours took place on October 10, 732 between the forces commanded by the Frankish leader Carlos Martely a Muslim army under the command of the governor of Al-Andalus Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abd Allah al-Gafiqi (near the city of Tours, in present-day France). During the battle, the Franks (Christians) defeated the Muslim army and al-Gafiqi was killed. This battle stopped the Muslim expansion towards the north from the Iberian Peninsula and is considered by many historians as an event of great historical importance, having prevented the invasion of Europe by the Muslims and preserved Christianity as the dominant faith during a period in which Islam was submitting much of the territories of the Eastern Roman Empire and had ended by conquering the Persian Sassanian Empire, expansion that began in 632 after the death of Muhammad.
I tried by best: Passed by Congress June 13, 1866, and ratified July 9, 1868, the 14th amendment extended liberties and rights granted by the Bill of Rights to former slaves.
